Shakespeare
“A major consideration pertaining to the Constitution is whether it should be applied horizontally or vertically. 3.1 Explain what this means, using examples to illustrate each approach. (10)”
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“Discuss the following: Social-economic Environmental impacts, The impact of a photovoltaic system on the occupational and public health and safety at the Tshwaraganang children’s home, as designed in Assignment 1. The demand (power) reduction (kW, energy consumption (kwh) and cost savings in (Rands), environmental impact (greenhouse gas emission reduction) and impact on occupational and public health and safety arising from the design must be determined. Use the applicable energy tariff in each environment and Eskom emission factors for the greenhouse emission analysis. Knowledge and understanding of the impact of engineering activity on the society, economy, industrial and physical environment should be indicated. Address issues by analysis and evaluation. Use the following greenhouse emission factors to determine the emission reduction: • Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1.003 kg / kWh • Nitrous oxides (NOx) 0.004390 kg / kWh • Sulphide oxides (SOx) 0.008490 kg / kWh • Particulate matter 0.0004 kg / kWh • Water 0.00145 kilolitres / kWh The assignment report submission should also take into consideration the competency indicators for REN316D Graduate Attribute 7 (G7) as indicated in the subject study guide as guidelines. Analyze the economic impact of such an implementation using applicable methods such as: Cost-benefit analysis: This involves the determination of the total benefit and the total cost over a given period. And the resulting net benefit or loss is calculated from K_CB=∑▒〖(benefits)-∑▒〖(costs)〗〗 If KCB gives a positive value, then there is going to be a net benefit; otherwise, the project will involve a loss. The greater the positive value of KCB, the better. Simple payback period (SPB): This is the total length of time (in years) that a project must be continually operated before the initial investment can be fully recovered. It is calculated using SPB=(∑▒〖( investment costs)〗)/(∑▒〖(benefits per year)-∑▒〖( costs per year)〗〗) The SPB is in years and does account for the useful lifetime of the project. Initial rate of return: The reciprocal of the simple payback period gives the initial rate of return, as expressed by Initial Rate of Return= (∑▒〖(benefits per year)-∑▒〖(costs per year)〗〗)/(∑▒〖(investment costs)〗)×100% The initial rate of return represents the minimum rate of return on the investment. For the project/investment to be considered viable, the internal rate of return (IRR) must be greater than the initial rate of return. write a technical report for this assignment”
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